Kalender Kerja Petani
Kalender Kerja Petani
Pesta kebun merupakan syukuran atas hasil padi dan jagung. Padi dan jagung sebagai makanan pokok masyarakat Manggarai. Dalam tradisi masyarakat, dimulai dari tanam benih hingga panen diawali dengan acara adat. Upacara adat dilakukan dengan maksud agar padi dan jagung yang ditanam dapat bertumbuh subur dan memperoleh hasil panen yang berlimpah. Dijauhkan dari ancaman hama atau penyakit lain yang menggangu tanaman mereka. Masyarakat Manggarai mempercayai bahwa ritual-ritual adat yang dilakukan dapat mengusir semua jenis penyakit yang dapat menyerang tanaman.
Kalender kerja agraris dalam pengerjaan ladang/kebun orang Manggarai
Bulan Juli
Pada
bulan Juli jadual pembukaan kebun baru bagi petani. Bila tanahnya masih subur setelah dipakai beberapa tahun, maka
bulan Juli tahun berikutnya tak ada pembukaan kebun baru. Pembukaan diikuti
atau diawali dengan upacara adat Banco
raci.
Bulan Agustus
Pada
bulan Agustus dimulai penambahan hutan
kebun baru secara serempak atau bergotong royong. Semua pohon ditebang menurut
tradisi zaman dahulu dalam hal pembersihan
lahan garapan. Menurut kebiasaan, mulai turun hujan pada Minggu pertama.
Penanaman benih (weri) dilakukan
serempak. Penanaman benih (Weri/kalok/Wa'u Wini) tidak boleh dilakukan
begitu saja, tetapi harus melalui upacara adat agar benih yang ditanam berbuah
lebat. Upacara langsung diadakan dipusat kebun.
Bulan November
Pada
bulan November biasanya musim penyiangan rumput. Disamping itu diupayakan
penanaman kembali pada tempat yang tidak ditumbuhi bibit pertama atau aktivitas
hoer dan lesang.
Bulan Desember
Bulan
Desember adalah penanaman tanaman sela (oke
cua), seperti ubi-ubian, biji-bijian (tago,
sela, pesi, ubi tatas, ubi-kayu, dsb).
Bulan Januari
Bulan penyiangan ke dua (tawi).
Bulan Februari
Penyiangan daun jagung yang tua, supaya tidak menghambat
sinar matahari terhadap padi (wancing
saung latung dan acara Nang banta).
Bulan Mei
Awal
Mei biasanya padi mula menguning atau disebut nderes. Akhir Mei adalah musim mengetam padi, yang didahului
upacara tabar cicing yang dilakukan
di dekat pagar. Do'anya agar panenan melimpah. Upacara ini juga disebut kesep lalap atau musim gali ubi-ubian,
panen tanaman selingan dari biji-bijian (tago,
sela, mesak, lusa, dsb).
Bulan Juni
Bulan Juni adalah bulan pesta sebagai tanda suka ria dan syukur. Bulan Mei sampai Juli termasuk bulan-bulan suka ria bagi petani. Pada bulan-bulan ini selain pesta kebun, Penti (syukur tahunan), juga bulan-bulan pesta nikah. Ketiga bulan inilah yang disebut bulan duduk-duduk dipesta atau wulang lonto rae, seperti bincang-bincang sambil minum kopi pagi dan sore.
Farmer Work Calendar
The garden party is a thanksgiving for the harvest of rice and corn. Rice and corn are the staple foods of the Manggarai people. In community tradition, starting from planting seeds to harvest begins with a traditional event. The traditional ceremony is carried out with the aim that the rice and corn planted can grow fertilely and obtain abundant harvests. Keep away from the threat of pests or other diseases that disturb their plants. The Manggarai people believe that the traditional rituals they perform can ward off all types of diseases that can attack plants.
Agricultural work calendar in working on Manggarai people's fields/gardens
July
In July, the schedule is to open new gardens for farmers. If the land is still fertile after being used for several years, then in July of the following year no new gardens will be opened. The opening is followed or preceded by the traditional Banco raci ceremony.
August
In August, the addition of new plantation forests begins simultaneously or in mutual cooperation. All trees were cut down according to ancient traditions in terms of clearing arable land. According to custom, it started to rain on the first Sunday. Planting the seeds (weri) is done simultaneously. Planting seeds (Weri/kalok/Wa'u Wini) must not be done just like that, but must go through a traditional ceremony so that the seeds planted bear abundant fruit. The ceremony was held directly in the garden center.
November
November is usually the weeding season. Apart from that, efforts are made to replant in places where the first seedlings did not grow or hoer and lesang activities.
December
The month of December is the planting of intercrops (oke cua), such as tubers, grains (tago, sela, pesi, tatas yams, cassava, etc.).
January
Second weeding month (tawi).
February
Weeding old corn leaves, so that they do not block sunlight on the rice (wancing saung latung and Nang banta events).
In May
At the beginning of May, rice usually starts to turn yellow or is called nderes. The end of May is the rice planting season, which is preceded by the tabar cicing ceremony which is held near the fence. Pray for an abundant harvest. This ceremony is also called kesep lalap or the season for digging tubers, harvesting interspersed crops from grains (tago, sela, mesak, lusa, etc.).
June
June is the month of parties as a sign of
joy and gratitude. May to July are happy months for farmers. In these months
apart from garden parties, Penti (annual thanksgiving), there are also wedding
party months. These three months are called the months of sitting around at
parties or wulang lonto rae, like talking while drinking coffee in the morning
and afternoon.
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